The importance of Asia in the global Low-Carbon Society (LCS) transition is now well accepted. Asia is a very diverse region with a large developing population, huge energy resources (e.g. in Middle-East and Central Asia), and highly developed countries like Japan. Thus, the LC transition in Asia will manifest extreme diversity and there cannot be a one-size-fits-all solution. The development approaches will have to be viewed along multiple dimensions. Large developing countries like China and India face dilemmas that require trade-offs among different development goals. Highly developed countries like Japan can find opportunities to take a leadership role in technology and investment markets. The LCS transition in Asia thus poses multiple challenges and also offers new opportunities.